The Right of Self-Care
Friday, March 4, 2011 at 12:26PM Daniel MacArthur has a good critique of a letter that the AMA sent to the FDA, asking the latter to give physicians a monopoly over the interpretation of genetic counseling.
This highlights an interesting and relatively under-explored problem. Critics of the medical monopoly usually focus on its effect on other health practitioners, like nurses and midwives. But the combination of medical licensing and the prescription system has another equally significant effect: people are outlawed from treating their own medical conditions.
It is hard to think of any other good or service that it is illegal for people to supply to themselves. Many people go out to eat, but it is legal to cook at home (and to grow plants for ingredients). One can pay an accountant, or do the taxes himself/herself. No one can legally stop me from building my own computer. In the case of schooling, which is mandated, people have the option of homeschooling. We are even allowed to represent ourselves in our own trials.
Yet if I use the widely available DSM criteria to diagnose myself with Major Depressive Disorder, I am not allowed to buy an SSRI and try it without a prescription from a physician. If I have diabetes that has been controlled with Metformin for 2 years, I am not allowed to continue treating myself with this medication without a doctor’s approval.
The right to do things ourselves is important, both because it is an essential freedom and because it adds another level to the competition that all industries face, limiting the ability to charge excessively high prices. I have never made a pizza, but I would if stores started charging $200 a slice. It also ensures a minimal level of quality. I would not pay to see a lawyer for an hour unless he can provide me with more information than I can get in an hour from the internet. It doesn’t really matter that few of us exercise the option to do these things ourselves. What matters is that we can. The fact that few of us do is good evidence that we get more value by buying these goods and services than by providing them for ourselves. The suppliers of these goods and services have won the competition against self-provision (of pizza, computers, etc.)
But doctors cannot claim to have won the competition against self-care. This is because, although they do have to compete against each other, they do not have to compete against self-care at all. (And now the individual mandate, to the extent that it is enforced, means that health insurance companies no longer have to compete against self-insurance.)
Historian Paul Starr makes a good case that doctors initially obtained this privilege by convincing a sufficient number of Americans that there were certain things that only doctors could do. One can see how that was possible in the 19th century, when scientific advances had significantly widened the knowledge gap between the educated and the laymen, and when many fewer people were educated. But today, with the help of the internet, the gap is narrowing. Patients are learning about their own conditions, reading about the latest scientific advances, and sometimes can have more knowledge in specific areas than do their physicians.
So it is time to question the legal limits on self-care. It should no longer be possible for physicians to deprive individuals of the right to take care of their own medical problems, if they choose to do so.
This is not just a lofty claim. There are at least a few types of cases when NOT going to the doctor might be reasonable, and could save a lot of money, particularly for those people who are savvy about reading medical information online:
- People who have been taking the same medication for a period of time and don’t expect any changes in the near future. An example: a young girl who takes an oral contraceptive.
- When a patient knows more about something than does his doctor. Genetic counseling can be a good example.
- Repeated attacks of the same illness. For example, someone with gout who has been treated with colchicine can learn to recognize and treat the flare-ups.
- Treatment of early stages of chronic illnesses like high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and even diabetes. This is certainly far away from current practice, but I see no reason why a savvy patient with elevated cholesterol can’t modify his own diet, take a statin, and get blood tests regularly at a local lab.
With regard to the last case, chronic diseases account for 47% of health care costs in the U.S., so self-care could help reduce health care costs. Certainly in all of these cases, self-care would free up doctors to take care of more sick patients. Given the shortage of physicians in the U.S., I’d rather have more people engaging in self-care than have the sick wait to see a doctor.
Of course, all people should still have the option to see a physician for advice. But having the option to take care of ourselves would at least require doctors, like all other service providers, to convince potential customers of the value of their services.


Reader Comments (25)
There is an additional problem that arises from denying people the right to self-care using traditional, or allopathic medicine. They resort to homeopathy and other alternative medicines that could potentially be even more dangerous.
Let's elaborate on your gout example. I assume colchicine has been widely tested and proven to work. If a doctor has previously prescribed it, then it is safe to assume that the chronic patient is familiar with the side effects. It is also probably safe to assume that he can find reliable scientific information about this online--anything from drug facts listed by the pharmaceutical company, to presumably responsible posts about it by the NIH. As you imply, it is probably not that risky for this patient to just skip the visit to the doctor next time he suffers a flare-up, and just go straight to the pharmacy.
However, since he's not allowed to do that, a patient who is tired of paying a doctor to tell him something he already knows, might try something different. It could be something as seemingly harmless as this website's advice: "For an acute attack, there is no better remedy than a fast of orange juice and water." But he could also stumble across this site, which suggests he take an herb called Bromelain.
As with most herbal remedies, there's a lot that we don't know about Bromelain. The NIH say's it's "possibly safe" in "appropriate amounts," but they don't tell you what an appropriate amount is. They also warn that you need to be cautious when taking it in combination with medications as common as aspirin.
So in a way, the option to self-care remains. The current system just makes it more dangerous than it needs to be.
Thanks Dr. Liberty - Extremism may not vice in defense of liberty, but I think your post raises some important questions about routine medical practices for follow-up care on chronic disease, even if we take a less extreme stance. All too many office visits boil down to getting a prescription refilled, which generates a billable moment and fits into the production schedule of the 11 min visit. But if this is all that it does it is a waste. Perhaps the refill should be done over the phone/IT system (with patient-consumer reporting relevant vitals, treatment effects, symptoms, and side effects) and the visit reserved for something that merits a face-to-face.
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It`s hard to imagine that a natural grow homeopathic remedy could produce side-effects to such extent,
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